Industrial sites have numerous interference sources. EMI/EMC must be incorporated into layout and component selection constraints during the design phase.
Interference sources in industrial environments include variable frequency drives, relays, high-power motors, and long-distance signal cables. Failure to address electromagnetic compatibility during the design phase significantly increases retrofit costs later.
On the layout level, separate power and signal loops. Place sensitive acquisition circuits far from high-frequency switching devices. Keep the ground plane intact and avoid routing cuts.
At the component level, isolated power supplies and signal isolation devices are commonly used. For long-distance communication interfaces, appropriate protection components should be configured to handle surges and electrostatic discharge (ESD).
At the firmware level, communication protocols must support timeout-based retransmission and checksum verification. Critical state variables should use redundant checks to minimize the risk of false triggers from single interference events.
These measures must be defined in the design specifications from the outset, not addressed as an afterthought when testing fails.
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